A lab technician took a fecal sample and did the following dilution.1. Transferred 0.1 ml from fecal sample to 9.9 ml saline in
A2. Transferred 1 ml from A to 9 ml saline in B3. Transferred 0.01 ml from B to 9.99 ml saline in C.4. Transferred 0.1ml from C to an agar plate5. Counted 65 colonies on plate C What is the total dilution at C?
At first step, 0.1 ml is diluted in 9.9 ml of saline. Multiple both with 10 you will get 1 ml in 99 ml suggesting total dilution at first step as 1:100.
At second step, 1 ml of 100x dilution will be taken and further dissolved in the 9 ml of B3. Here, the dilution factor is further 10 times therefore the total dilution would be 1:1000.
At third step, 0.01 ml would be taken from 1000x dilution and further diluted in 9.99 ml. Therefore, the dilution factor here is 100 times. Hence the final dilution at this stage would be 1:100,000.
A toboggan is a simple sled traditionally used by children. It is well adapted to sliding down open slopes, where its large surface rides easily on loose, fluffy snow.
Complement proteins and antibodies coat a microorganism and provide binding sites, enabling macrophages and neutrophils to phagocytize the organism. This phenomenon is termed opsonization.
Opsonization occurs as a result of binding of a molecule called opsonin to the epitope of a pathogen.
Opsonization helps the immune system to select and kill the infected cells instead of targeting all the cells in general.
