They were technologically superior.
By this I mean technologically superior for the time period. The English possessed the better weapons. For example they had the long bows which were better than the normal bows as well as cannons which is something that turned many of the battles in their favor.
The answer is option 3: A technique for making porcelain was perfected.
The art of making porcelain prospered in both periods. A lot of innovations were made in forms, glazes, decorative techniques methods of production and kiln technology.
During the Tang Dynasty, porcelain kilns were constructed all over the country and a type of vessel with molded decorations on it became very popular, which was made using an "upside down" and the coal was used as kiln fuel.
By the Song period, the manufacturing process was standardized (base-making, glazing, ingredient control, and temperature maintenance). In addition, the industry was divided into five types of kilns that had several features for glaze coloring and pattern design.
In 1774 the First Philadelphia Congress was held, in which the settlers drafted a document protesting the intolerable laws and sent them to the English. However, the government did not give in, and on July 4, 1776, the Second Philadelphia Congress took place, in which the colonists broke with the English, proclaiming their independence, with George Washington as the leader of the troops. England once again did not give in and the War of Independence of the Thirteen Colonies began. With French support, the colonies won in 1781 and their independence was recognized in 1783.
In 1787, a constitutional charter was enacted, which made the country a Presidential Federative Republic, with George Washington as its first president; it ensured civil rights and freedom and divided power into executive, legislative and judiciary. However, this freedom was relative, as slavery continued, women did not have the same rights as men, and Indians continued to be driven from their lands.
Even with their independence, the colonies continued to diverge in politics and economics, leading to conflicts that led to the Civil War.
They were engaged in Activism.
