It was showed as a surplus because it was a surplus when it came to the budget. The problem behind it that for the first time in a while, the United States budget worked with a surplus after the year ended even though it was not the idea of a surplus that the people believed.
The surplus disappeared because it never really existed. It was a surplus but it didn't mean that the country was not in debt. The country had a huge amount of debt to other countries or to companies or to any other institution such as a bank. The surplus was eaten up by the debt accumulated over the years. There was a surplus, but the debt was not reduced.
The answer is groups of Arab nomads because “bedouin” refers to arabic speaking, nomadic people from middle eastern deserts (in North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Jordan, Egypt, Israel, Iraq, Syria)
Referendum is the political reform that gave people the power to approve or reject laws.