Question

Flow meters are installed in urban sewer systems to measure the flows through the pipes. In dry weatherconditions (no rain) the flows are generated by waste-water from households and industries, together withsome possible drainage from water stored in the topsoil from previous rainfalls. In a study of an urbansewer system, the following values were obtained for flowrates during dry weather conditions:
423.6, 487.3, 453.2, 402.9, 483.0, 477.7, 442.3, 418.4, 459.0

Assume that the flow rates are normally distributed.

a. Construct a 98% two-sided confidence interval for the standard deviation of the flow rate under dry weather conditions.
b. Explain, only using words, the meaning of the CI you determined in (a).

Answer 1

Answer:

a) $\frac{(8)(30.23)^2}{20.09} \leq \sigma^2 \leq \frac{(8)(30.23)^2}{1.65}$

$363.90 \leq \sigma^2 \leq 4430.80$

Now we just take square root on both sides of the interval and we got:

$19.08 \leq \sigma \leq 66.56$

b) For this case we are 98% confidence that the true deviation for the population of interest is between 19.08 and 66.56

Step-by-step explanation:

423.6, 487.3, 453.2, 402.9, 483.0, 477.7, 442.3, 418.4, 459.0

Part a

The confidence interval for the population variance is given by the following formula:

$\frac{(n-1)s^2}{\chi^2_{\alpha/2}} \leq \sigma^2 \leq \frac{(n-1)s^2}{\chi^2_{1-\alpha/2}}$

On this case we need to find the sample standard deviation with the following formula:

$s=sqrt{\frac{\sum_{i=1}^8 (x_i -\bar x)^2}{n-1}} And in order to find the sample mean we just need to use this formula: [tex]\bar x =\frac{\sum_{i=1}^n x_i}{n}$

The sample deviation for this case is s=30.23

The next step would be calculate the critical values. First we need to calculate the degrees of freedom given by:

$df=n-1=9-1=8$

The Confidence interval is 0.98 or 98%, the value of $\alpha=0.02$ and $\alpha/2 =0.01$, and the critical values are:

$\chi^2_{\alpha/2}=20.09$

$\chi^2_{1- \alpha/2}=1.65$

And replacing into the formula for the interval we got:

$\frac{(8)(30.23)^2}{20.09} \leq \sigma^2 \leq \frac{(8)(30.23)^2}{1.65}$

$363.90 \leq \sigma^2 \leq 4430.80$

Now we just take square root on both sides of the interval and we got:

$19.08 \leq \sigma \leq 66.56$

Part b

For this case we are 98% confidence that the true deviation for the population of interest is between 19.08 and 66.56