Answer:
C. the market demand curve understates the relative importance of the product and resources are therefore underallocated to its production.
Explanation:
Positive external benefits refer to third party positive side effects, above & beyond private marginal benefit to the concerned consumer.
Eg : Education - Its consumption not only affects the concerned person, but the positive trickle down to the people & society around.
Personal consumption decisions are based on : equalisation - of private marginal benefit (demand) curve & private marginal cost curve. However, goods having positive external benefits have real marginal benefit curve increased over private benefit curve, by the extent of extra marginal social benefit.
So, market demand (based on private marginal benefit) curve understates the importance of product, and resources are therefore underallocated to its production (due to undervaluation of demand).
Answer:
<em>c. The reasoning of both Alfons and Mary suffers from the omitted variable problem</em>
Explanation:
The issue of omitted variables occurs as a result of mis-specification of a linear regression model, which could be either because the impact of the omitted variable on both the dependent variable is unclear, or the evidence was not accessible.
This causes you to omit the variable from your regression, resulting in over-estimation (upward bias) or underestimation (downward) of the influence of one of the other predictor variables.
Answer:
quantity of product produced in a given period increases, the cost of manufacturing each unit decreases
Explanation:
Economies of scale happens when the average total cost (variable + fixed production costs per unit) decreases as total output increases. This generally takes place because fixed costs are the same for a small number of units produced or a large number of units produced, so the average fixed cost per unit tend to decrease as more units are produced (at least up to certain point). Variable production costs per unit can also decrease as total output increases since materials might be purchased in larger quantities resulting in higher discounts or labor productivity increases.
Answer:
The correct answer is (C)
Explanation:
Negative externalities occur when an individual or firm making a choice negatively affect other parties. A driver who recklessly drives a car on a busy highway is a negative externality because the amusement of the driver is negatively affecting other people. A negative externality arises when the benefit of a decision is less than the negative outcomes of that decision.
