1. determine the genotypes of the parent organisms
2. write down your "cross" (mating)
3. draw a p-square
4. "split" the letters of the genotype for each parent & put them "outside" the p-square
5. determine the possible genotypes of the offspring by filling in the p-square
6. summarize results (genotypes & phenotypes of offspring)
Normally a 10× drop for each trophic level, so I'd say 2,000 kilocal.
The landscape in which limestone is eroded to form deep valleys and cavers are called Karst landscape or karst topography. This kind of development start occuring whenever the acidic water starts breaking down the bedrocks near the cracks. As the bedrock starts breaking down slowly, the cracks start to open up creating bigger holes. with passage of time the holes will become big enough to create an underground drainage system for the surface water to flow and form underneath. If the water is unable to flow out and becomes stagnant, then the Karst will start getting bigger.
B, is the answer. I believe.
