short stories tend to have simple stories that can wrap up cleanly from at the very least a couple paragraphs or a few pages. Where as a novel has stories that take up many chapters with many pages within them. Because of this the narrative has more room to grow and have complex themes and plot.
A novel isn’t necessarily meant to be read in a single sitting nor designed to produce a single effect. Whereas a short story is intended to be read in a single setting and designed to produce a single effect.
