In an economic downturn, Adam Smith would expect the "invisible hand of the market" to regulate the economy. The term "invisible hand" was coined by Adam Smith in his book "The Wealth of Nations." In it, he explains that free market automatically reaches its own equilibrium, with little to no government intervention.
John Maynard Keynes has a different approach to economic downturns. In the Keynesian theory, he believes that the economy does not self-regulate, and needs a governent interference in order to prevent or minimize economic downturn. According to Keynes, the main cause of economic downturns is insufficent aggregate demand. To reverse this, artificial demand must be created.
When a relationship has lasted for a longer period of time than 3 years, there is a sign of trust and loyalty between that couple. The couple is calm about there relationship because they are glued to each other emotionally.
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According to the risk aversion principle, you should take the action that produces the least harm.
It is a phycological concept applied in economics, specially within the field of finance. When facing situations that involve uncertainty, risk aversion consists on choosing the alternative that diminishes it as much as possible. It is a common behaviour when selecting investment opportunities. For example, a risk averse saver will prefer to keep his money in a bank account (low risk low profit), rather than purchasing shares and betting in the stock markets (high risk high profit).
Positive reinforcement
Positive reinforcement is the use of a reinforcing stimulus (chocolate; something desirable) following a desired behavior (speech sounds, words) that makes it likely the behavior will occur again. The speech pathologist wanted Nicholas to make sounds and would provide positive reinforcement for making sounds. When she wanted him to say complete words, she would reward him for saying the complete words and eventually sentences.
