The Karger's algorithm relates to graph theory where G=(V,E) is an undirected graph with |E| edges and |V| vertices. The objective is to find the minimum number of cuts in edges in order to separate G into two disjoint graphs. The algorithm is randomized and will, in some cases, give the minimum number of cuts. The more number of trials, the higher probability that the minimum number of cuts will be obtained.
The Karger's algorithm will succeed in finding the minimum cut if every edge contraction does not involve any of the edge set C of the minimum cut.
The probability of success, i.e. obtaining the minimum cut, can be shown to be ≥ 2/(n(n-1))=1/C(n,2), which roughly equals 2/n^2 given in the question.Given: EACH randomized trial using the Karger's algorithm has a success rate of P(success,1) ≥ 2/n^2.
This means that the probability of failure is P(F,1) ≤ (1-2/n^2) for each single trial.
We need to estimate the number of trials, t, such that the probability that all t trials fail is less than 1/n.
Using the multiplication rule in probability theory, this can be expressed as
P(F,t)= (1-2/n^2)^t < 1/n
We will use a tool derived from calculus that
Lim (1-1/x)^x as x->infinity = 1/e, and
(1-1/x)^x < 1/e for x finite.
Setting t=(1/2)n^2 trials, we have
P(F,n^2) = (1-2/n^2)^((1/2)n^2) < 1/e
Finally, if we set t=(1/2)n^2*log(n), [log(n) is log_e(n)]
P(F,(1/2)n^2*log(n))
= (P(F,(1/2)n^2))^log(n)
< (1/e)^log(n)
= 1/(e^log(n))
= 1/n
Therefore, the minimum number of trials, t, such that P(F,t)< 1/n is t=(1/2)(n^2)*log(n) [note: log(n) is natural log]
First we need to calculate t(4) because x=4 for 4 shifts.
t(4) = 4*4 +3 = 19
Now because function "c" is declared as c(t(x)) for value x=4 we are searching c(19)! because t(4) = 19
c(19) = 2*19 + 5 = 43.
Answer is 43
Answer:
Lemon juice is acidic and therefore is deemed unsafe to consume this can start to destroy the pancreas and other major arteries if not removed quickly
Step-by-step explanation:
Answer:
Surface area of the given figure = 48 cm^2
Step-by-step explanation:
Surface area is nothing area of all the sides.
We can find the area of each figure add them together.
There are two triangles with the same measures.
One rectangle with measure of 4 by 3.
Another rectangle with the measure of 5 by 3.
One square with the measure of 3.
Surface area = Area of two triangles + rectangle 1 + rectangle 2 + square
Formulas:
Area of the triangle = 1/2 base* height
Area of the rectangle = length * width
Area of the square = side x side
Applying the formula, we get
=2[1/2 (3*4)] + 4*3 + 5*3 + 3^2
= 12 + 12 + 15 + 9
Surface area of the given figure = 48 cm^2
Hope this will helpful.
Thank you.
