The fact that the global ecosystems form broad latitudinal belts is mostly because of climatic reasons. It works very simply, the shape of the Earth doesn't allow the sun to heat up the surface equally in every place, so on the equator and around it the sun heats up the Earth the most, as the latitude changes the sun rays become weaker and weaker because they fall at a smaller angle and are dispersing much more, this forms the different climatic regions on Earth thus creating different ecosystems with it, ecosystems that have their borders mostly on the lines of change in climate from one region to another, so we mostly have latitudinal belts of ecosystems.
Answer:
Usually, as elevation increases, the weather gets colder and the climate becomes harsher (more intense weathering: windier and colder). There is also less air as elevation increases. As elevation decreases on land that most live on, the climate gets warmer as well as more humid.
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That would be the Himalayas and have the highest mountain range in the world.
The tundra is a biome on the Earth that covers approximately 20% of its land mass, and it is almost exclusively located in the Northern Hemisphere. It is an environment that helps in the regulation of the CO2 in the atmosphere, and it is one of the biggest natural CO2 sinks. The living organisms in the tundra, are using the CO2 for their needs, thus removing parts of it from the atmosphere, and when they die, because the tundra is cold, and the decomposition is very slow, most of the CO2 remains trapped, and doesn't go into the atmosphere.
Unfortunately, the global warming is slowly changing the tundra, and prolongs the summer periods, thus reducing the permafrost period of the year, so the decomposition of the living organisms is getting quicker, and also bigger percentage of the CO2 from them gets to the atmosphere.
