I think the correct answer would be the last option. In this case, spanking was an unconditioned stimulus for Colin's fear. These are stimuli that are natural, automatic and are unconditional that would trigger responses. An example would be when you smell your favorite food, you suddenly feel hunger.
Jacob is a third-grader and has a disability that has caused him to be separated from his peers during the school day. Recently Jacob has been moved to the regular third-grade classroom. Jacob has just experienced <u>inclusion</u>.
Inclusion, in education, refers to the model in which special needs students are able to learn alongside their peers.