the area of unstable plate tectonics that causes earthquakes and volcanic activity along the Pacific Ocean is known as the ring of fire. The ring of fire is also known as circum-pacific belt. It is a 40,000 kilometer horseshoe shaped area that includes 452 volcanoes and accounts for approximately 90 per cent of the worlds earthquakes.
In 1854 and 1861 there was a series of violent civil confrontations in Kansas territory. They call it Bleeding Kansas because of the blood shed by pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups.
Francis Cabot Lowell's textile mill at Waltham, Massachusetts, gave rise to the first labor unions in the United States.
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What are labor unions?</h3>
Since the National Labor Relations Act was implemented in 1935, labor unions have been acknowledged by US labor law as organizations that represent employees in a variety of industries. Currently, they concentrate their efforts on collectively bargaining for pay, benefits, and working conditions on behalf of their membership and representing their members in disputes with management over claimed violations of contract clauses. Larger trade unions usually take part in lobbying and electioneering activities on the state and federal levels. The majority of unions in the United States are connected with the AFL-CIO, which was established in 1955, and the Change to Win Federation (now known as the Strategic Organizing Center), which split from the AFL-CIO in 2005.
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Driven in part by economic concerns, and in part by frustration with the straitened social conditions of the South, in the 1870s African Americans began moving North and West in great numbers. In the 1890s, the number of African Americans moving to the Northeast and the Midwest was double that of the previous decade.
The Bill of Rights guarantees personal freedoms, limits the federal government's power, and reserves some powers for states. To prevent the federal government from assuming excessive power, those who opposed the Constitution, known as Anti- Federalists, demanded amendments that would protect individual liberties.
