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Fed [463]
4 years ago
13

Explain how an immune response starts after a macrophage attacks a pathogen

Biology
1 answer:
erastova [34]4 years ago
6 0
After the macrophage fails the Helper T Cell stimulates the B cells (create antibodies) if pathogen is extracellular and Cytotoxic T Cells (killer T cells, release perforin) if pathogen is intracellular. Once the pathogen is killed the B Cells create Memory B Cells and the Killer T Cells create memory T Cells. 

Hopefully I helped answer your question :)
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The pattern of transcription for a pair of identical twins (Tweedledee and Tweedledum) is very similar at the age of 10. However
aivan3 [116]

Answer:

Explanation:

My best bet is DNA methylation at the site of Tweedledum's leptin gene or Histone Acetylation at the site of Tweedledee's gene.

B/c DNA methylation is a process by which methyl groups are added to the DNA molecule. Methylation can change the activity of a DNA segment without changing the sequence. When located in a gene promoter, DNA methylation typically acts to repress gene transcription. So this is probably repressing Tweedledum's leptin gene trancription which is not happening in Tweedledee.

Additionally, Histone Acetylation at site of Tweedledee's gene increases her trancription b/c Histone acetylation causes DNA to be more accessible and leads to more transcription factors being able to reach the DNA. Thus, acetylation of histones is known to increase the expression of genes through transcription activation.

7 0
3 years ago
What is the difference between code, codon, and anticodon?
NeX [460]
The codon is a set of 3 nucleotides that can be read to convey a message in your DNA. It can be a code saying to "start" the process of protein synthesis, or "stop" it, or to encode for an amino acid - the building blocks of proteins. 
<span>The DNA is read, and proteins are made by DNA Polymerase (simple version here, it is more complicated, but this is the gist of it) travelling down the DNA. As it travels, it reads the nucleotides and builds a chain of amino acids, that corresponds to the information gleaned from the DNA. </span>
<span>So, the codon is only on one side of the DNA, and there are 2 sides. In order to be able to keep the DNA safe, and package it well (and loads of other reasons ) there is a complimentary strand. The nucleotides that make up DNA are A, T, C, and G. A links to T and C to G, and vice versa. </span>
So if your DNA strand's codons read "AAG AGG TCA"
Then the complimentary strand will read "TTC TCC AGT" the three codons on the complimentary strand ARE THE ANTICODONS of the codons on the strand being read (aka "expressed").
<span>So a codon and an anti codon are made of the same things, it just is a matter of which is being actively expressed. Now, this gets insanely complicated when you learn more about reading frames! Not only are there those codons, but if you shift and start reading the "code" either one nucleotide earlier or later, it completely changes the message.</span>
7 0
3 years ago
A rabbit population's birth rate is 200 rabbits born/year. The death rate is 150 rabbits dying/year.
Tpy6a [65]

Answer:

It's growing

Explanation:

The growth rate is 50 rabbits per year

8 0
3 years ago
The idea that Earth orbits the sun is referred to as ____ of the solar system, because of the scientist who first proposed it.​
zaharov [31]

Answer:

Copernican Heliocentrism

7 0
3 years ago
HELP <br><br> Why is sea temperature important?
Snezhnost [94]

Explanation:

Sea surface temperature provides fundamental information on the global climate system. ... SST is an essential parameter in weather prediction and atmospheric model simulations, and is also important for the study of marine ecosystems. SST data are especially useful for identifying the onset of El Niño and La Niña cycles

8 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
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