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Fed [463]
3 years ago
13

Explain how an immune response starts after a macrophage attacks a pathogen

Biology
1 answer:
erastova [34]3 years ago
6 0
After the macrophage fails the Helper T Cell stimulates the B cells (create antibodies) if pathogen is extracellular and Cytotoxic T Cells (killer T cells, release perforin) if pathogen is intracellular. Once the pathogen is killed the B Cells create Memory B Cells and the Killer T Cells create memory T Cells. 

Hopefully I helped answer your question :)
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Can a squirrel fly? ​
Anika [276]

Answer:

yes if u trow it and if u put it on a plane

Explanation:

5 0
2 years ago
Record your data from each trial in the data chart below:
Galina-37 [17]

Limiting factors are the biotic and abiotic environmental elements that model a species  population size affecting their carrying capacity. 1) alligators and mosquitoes 2) pollution 3) alligators 4) pollution 5) frogs are control species 6) + alligators, - frogs // + mosquitoes, + frogs.

<h3>What is a limiting factor? </h3>

Limiting factors are all the environmental elements, biotic and abiotic, that act directly on populations and individuals, limiting their distribution and growth.

These factors affect the carrying capacity, influencing on natality and mortality rate, migration, etcetera.

In the exposed example, limiting factors are

  • Alligators (predator)
  • Pollution
  • Mosquitoes (food)

These three elements model the Frog population size according to their magnitude and population sizes.

Two simulations per factor were performed in order to see how much each factor affected the frog's populations.

The <u>data chart</u> shows the following tendency,

<u>Alligators</u>

- Low number of alligators →  there was an increase in frogs number from  

                                                10 to 18.

- High number of alligators →  there was a decrease in frogs number from  

                                                 10 to 3.

<u>Pollution</u>

- Low pollution level →  there was no change in frogs number

- High pollution level →  there was a decrease in frogs number from  

                                        10 to 7.

<u>Mosquitoes</u>

- Low number of mosquitoes →  there was a decrease in frogs number

                                                     from 10 to 5.

- High number of mosquitoes → there was an increase in frogs number  

                                                      from 10 to 17.

Information from the graph expresses thesame tendency,

<u>Alligators</u>

- Low number of alligators →  there was an increase from 50k to 90k.

- High number of alligators →  there was a decrease from 50k to 10k.

<u>Pollution</u>

- Low pollution level →  there was no change

- High pollution level →  there was a decrease from 50k to 35k.

<u>Mosquitoes</u>

- Low number of mosquitoes →  there was a decrease from 50k to 25k.

- High number of mosquitoes → there was an increase from 50k to 85k.

1. Which limiting factor(s) in this lab simulation are biotic?

Alligator (predator) and mosquitoes (food)

2. Which limiting factor(s) in this lab simulation are abiotic?

Pollution

3. Which limiting factor impacted the cricket frog population the most? Use evidence to support your answer.

According to the chart and to the graph, the presence/absence of predators impacted the most on the frogs population.

4. Which limiting factor impacted the cricket frog population the least? Use evidence to support your answer.

Pollution is the factor that least affected the frogs population size.

5. Mosquitoes can carry and transmit disease to animals and humans. Explain how the cricket frog plays an important role in limiting the spread of mosquito-borne illnesses like West Nile virus and malaria.

Since frogs feed on mosquitoes, they become a natural control species for the mosquitoes, limiting their spread and effects on humans and animals.

Frogs are a biotic limiting factor for moesquitoes population.

6. Predict the long-term effects of these limiting factors on the cricket frog population in the pond ecosystem.

It depends on the pond ecosystem.

  • If there are too many alligators, frogs population will decrease. This decrease will probably affect alligator population size (assuming no other source of food for this last species), and only when predator population size decreases, frogs population will increase again.

  • If there are too many mosquitoes, frogs population will increase, which will cause a decrease in mosquitoes population. Less mosquitoes will drive to less frogs. The decrease in the number of frogs will increase the number of mosquitoes again.

↑ alligators and ↑ mosquitoes ⇒ ↓ frogs

↓ alligators and ↑ mosquitoes ⇒s ↑ frogs

↑ alligators and ↑ mosquitoes ⇒↓frogs

↓ alligators and ↓ mosquitoes ⇒ ↓frogs

You can learn more about limiting factors at

brainly.com/question/1375274

brainly.com/question/11165311

#SPJ1

Download pdf
8 0
1 year ago
PLEASE HELP QUICKLY?! BRAINLI-EST FIRST CORRECT ANSWER!
guapka [62]

Answer:

what is Nucleosynthesis - Nucleosynthesis is the creation of new atomic nuclei, the centers of atoms that are made up of protons and neutrons. Stars can create nuclei through two processes: either by combining two smaller nuclei (called fusion) or breaking a larger nucleus into multiple nuclei (called fission).

What Came Before the Big Bang? - The initial singularity is a singularity predicted by some models of the Big Bang theory to have existed before the Big Bang and thought to have contained all the energy and spacetime of the Universe.

Explanation:

hope this helps

8 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
In water snakes, body color is controlled by two alleles that display incomplete dominance. Snakes with the BB genotype are brow
Rainbow [258]

Answer:

Phenotypic ratio= 1 Brown : 1 Gray

Explanation:

Genotype of brown snake= BB

genotype of gray snake= Bb

A cross between brown (BB) and gray (Bb) snake obtains progeny in following phenotypic ratio= 1 Brown : 1 Gray

Here, the heterozygous parent, gray snake (Bb) forms two types of gametes in 1:1 ratio while the homozygous dominant parent, brown snake (BB) forms only one type of gamete.

4 0
3 years ago
To keep the humeral head centered within the glenoidal cavity the rotator cuff muscles must be __________. Select to launch anim
enyata [817]

Answer:

<h2> located in the same plane</h2>

Explanation:

  • Such types of muscles and tendons that play an important role in the stabilization of the shoulder are called rotator cuff muscle.
  • These muscles are responsible for the different types of motion and simply called a different range of motion.
  • Muscles like scapulohumeral muscles,  infraspinatus muscle and some others are grouped as rotator muscle.
  • These muscles are involved in the movement of the shoulder and also stabilize the joints of the shoulder for the movement and during the movement.
  • When the humeral head is centered within the cavity of the glenoidal then the rotator cuff muscle should be on the same plane.
8 0
3 years ago
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