The Synder Act of 1924 admitted Native Americans born in the U.S. to full U.S. citizenship. Through the Fifteenth amendment, passed in 1870, granted all U.S. citizens the right to vote regardless of race, it wasn't until the Synder Act that Native Americans could enjoy the rights granted by this amendment.
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The Townshend crisis, Homespun virtue, the Boston Massacre, the Tea Act, and the Intolerable Acts all played a role.
The answer to question 1 is picketing. they were loitering which means they were just standing there and that's a crime to loiter on public sidewalks and especially in front of the white house.