Ricardo's emphasis on imagining what others would be thinking about his face and stitches is an example of his adolescent egocentrism.
Adolescent egocentrism is a phenomenon that occurs when an individual is unable to differentiate what other people think about him or her and what in reality they think.
The cognitive component of an attitude covers what we thought, believe, and perceive the situation around us.
The knowledge that we have related to the situation will make us either understand the cause of the situation, the future consequences, and the things that we can do to handle the situation. By knowing these things, the way we see the situation around us would be vastly different compared to those who do not have the information.
The extraordinary continuity of Chinese colonialism or that of the Aztecs in Central America before the Spaniards arrived is indeed structurally comparable to modern European expansion.
