After the Civil War, 4 million former slaves were looking for social equality and economic opportunity. It wasn't clear initially whether they would enjoy full-fledged citizenship or would be subjugated by the white population.
In the 1860s, it was the Republican Party in Washington — the home of former abolitionists — that sought to grant legal rights and social equality to African-Americans in the South. The Republicans — then dubbed radical Republicans — managed to enact a series of constitutional amendments and reconstruction acts granting legal equality to former slaves — and giving them access to federal courts if their rights were violated.
The 13th Amendment, which was ratified in 1865, abolished slavery. Three years later, the 14th Amendment provided blacks with citizenship and equal protection under the law. And in 1870, the 15th Amendment gave black American males the right to vote.
Five years later, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1875, a groundbreaking federal law proposed by Republican Sen. Charles Sumner of Massachusetts, which guaranteed that everyone in the United States was "entitled to the full and equal enjoyment" of public accommodations and facilities regardless of race or skin color.
Are there options or anything like that
Search and seizure would mean something like the government taking your cell phone and going through every message you've ever sent, or entering your home and searching through all your dresser drawers. They need to have a court-approved reasonable cause for doing something that invasive.
Quartering of soldiers would mean soldiers would have the right to enter your home and expect you to provide them food and lodging. That's pretty invasive too.
In either case, we're talking about invasions of your privacy, your personal space. Court justices have used statements like those about search and seizure and quartering of soldiers to show that the constitution does give attention to citizen's right to privacy, even if not using the exact term "right to privacy."
It was the "Oregon Train" that brought settlers to the Willamette Valley, sine although there were other smaller trails in the region, this was the most traveled by those wanting to start new lives and businesses in the region.
