<span>Disaccharides need to be broken down into their component subunits (monosaccharides) before their absorption. The reaction that breaks them up is hydrolysis and it is done by enzymes- <span>glucosidases. Glucosidases are located on the brush border of the small intestine, attached to the surface of the epithelial cells. After the catalyzation of these disaccharides, the epithelial cells take up the monosaccharides and transport them inside using ATP energy. From there they are transported into the bloodstream.</span></span>
The image below may help you (ʘᴗʘ✿)...
The lichens show mutualism and they are found in every biome of the Earth. The lichens have algae and fungus associated with them and they live in a mutualistic relationship with each other. Lichens can grow on soil where no other species can grow like rocks, barren soils and they enrich the soil on dying where other plants and trees can grow.
Lichens being pioneer species change the environment by building up the soil and liberating nutrients. Also the lichens contribute to the chemical weathering of the soil releasing phosphate along with erosion and weather conditions.
When the simple plants die, the wildflowers and other plants start growing replacing lichens or mosses.
From the above explanation it can be concluded that lichens alter the abiotic environment and favor other species of plants to grow by breaking down rocks from soil and providing nutrients.
Arrow x is run off hoped it helped
The goal of transcription is to produce RNA copies of individual genes that the cell can use in the biochemistry.
