Ida Tarbell (1857 – 1944) pertained to the generation of journalists called muckrackers, who investigated and denounced corruption and unethical practices perpetrated by businesses and government officials during the Progressive Era (late 19th century and early 20th century) in the US.
She published <em>"The History of the Standard Oil Company</em>" in 1904 through which she set a precedent, and many others subsequently started to gather information and to denounce the abuses committed by companies with absolute market power (monopolies) or by trusts operating in olipolistic markets. The Sherman Antitrust Act had been recently passed in 1890 but firms had been able to freely limit competitiveness during the whole 19th century. Tarbell denounced the manner in which certain corporations gathered enormous fortunes by using anti-competitive practices, possible due to their dominant position in the markets, and also impeding others to participate on the profits of the industry.
Such monopolistic practices enlarged the inequality within the industry and also in the whole society where large fortunes started to appear while most people were humble factory workers who earned very modest salaries.
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The correct answer is A) the President's attempts to restrict conservative influence.
<em>The social condition that was the main factor prompting President Eisenhower's speech was the President's attempts to restrict conservative influence.</em>
In that famous speech, United States President said people should not be afraid to learn and read books, as long the information contained in the books did not affect the decency of the American values. He said that the only form of censorship should be the one that censors information that attacks the values of America. In that speech, President Eisenhower expressed "how will we defeat Communism unless we know what it is, what it teaches, and why does it have such an appeal for men, why so many people are swearing allegiance to it."
The other options of the question were b) the churches attempt to promote religious tolerance, c) MLK attempts to increase literacy rates, and d) Senator McCarthy's attempts to limit free speech.
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