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Masja [62]
3 years ago
13

What is an 8086 microprocessor used for

Computers and Technology
1 answer:
Liula [17]3 years ago
7 0
A sixteen bit microprocessor chip used in early IBM PCs. The Intel 8088 was a version with an eight-bit externaldata bus.

The Intel 8086 was based on the design of the Intel 8080 <span>and </span>Intel 8085 (it was source compatible with the 8080)with a similar register set, but was expanded to 16 bits. The Bus Interface Unit fed the instruction stream to theExecution Unit through a 6 byte prefetch queue, so fetch and execution were concurrent - a primitive form ofpipelining (8086 instructions varied from 1 to 4 bytes).

It featured four 16-bit general registers, which could also be accessed as eight 8-bit registers, and four 16-bit indexregisters (including the stack pointer). The data registers were often used implicitly by instructions, complicatingregister allocation for temporary values. It featured 64K 8-bit I/O (or 32K 16 bit) ports and fixed vectored interrupts.There were also four segment registers that could be set from index registers.

The segment registers allowed the CPU to access 1 meg of memory in an odd way. Rather than just supplyingmissing bytes, as most segmented processors, the 8086 actually shifted the segment registers left 4 bits and addedit to the address. As a result, segments overlapped, and it was possible to have two pointers with the same valuepoint to two different memory locations, or two pointers with different values pointing to the same location. Mostpeople consider this a brain damaged design.

Although this was largely acceptable for assembly language, where control of the segments was complete (it couldeven be useful then), in higher level languages it caused constant confusion (e.g. near/far pointers). Even worse, thismade expanding the address space to more than 1 meg difficult. A later version, the Intel 80386, expanded thedesign to 32 bits, and "fixed" the segmentation, but required extra modes (suppressing the new features) forcompatibility, and retains the awkward architecture. In fact, with the right assembler, code written for the 8008 canstill be run on the most <span>recent </span>Intel 486.

The Intel 80386 added new op codes in a kludgy fashion similar to the Zilog Z80 and Zilog Z280. The Intel 486added full pipelines, and clock doubling (like <span>the </span>Zilog Z280).

So why did IBM chose the 8086 series when most of the alternatives were so much better? Apparently IBM's own engineers wanted to use the Motorola 68000, and it was used later in the forgotten IBM Instruments 9000 Laboratory Computer, but IBM already had rights to manufacture the 8086, in exchange for giving Intel the rights to its bubble memory<span> designs.</span> Apparently IBM was using 8086s in the IBM Displaywriter word processor.

Other factors were the 8-bit Intel 8088 version, which could use existing Intel 8085-type components, and allowed the computer to be based on a modified 8085 design. 68000 components were not widely available, though it could useMotorola 6800 components to an <span>extent.
</span>
Hope this helps
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Count positive and negative number and compute the average. The program will have the user input an unspecified number of intege
Alla [95]

Answer:

The solution code is written in Python 3

  1. total = 0
  2. count = 0
  3. neg = 0
  4. pos = 0
  5. num = int(input("Enter an integer: "))
  6. while(num != 0):
  7.    total += num  
  8.    count += 1
  9.    if(num < 0):
  10.        neg += 1
  11.    else:
  12.        pos += 1
  13.    num = int(input("Enter an integer: "))
  14. print("The number of positives: " + str(pos))
  15. print("The number of negatives: " + str(neg))
  16. print("The total is " + str(total))
  17. print("The average is " + str(total/count))

Explanation:

Firstly, we create four variables, <em>total</em> , <em>count,</em> <em>neg</em> and <em>pos </em>(Line 1- 4). This is to prepare the variable to hold the value of summation of input integer (<em>total</em>), total number of input number (<em>count</em>), total negatives (<em>neg</em>) and total positives (<em>pos</em>).

Next, we prompt user for the first integer (Line 6).

Create a sentinel while loop and set the condition so long as the current input number, <em>num</em> is not equal to zero. the program will just keep adding the current <em>num</em> to total (Line 9)  and increment the count by one (Line 10).

if <em>num</em> smaller than zero, increment the <em>neg</em> by one (Line 13) else increment the <em>pos </em>by one (Line 15). This is to track the total number of positives and negatives.

Finally, we can display all the required output (Line 20 - 23) using the Python built-in function <em>print()</em>  when user enter 0 to terminate the while loop. The output shall be as follows:

The number of positives: 3

The number of negatives: 1

The total is 5

The average is 1.25

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4 years ago
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WITCHER [35]
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TCP connections are established through sequence numbers. Someone can guess a client's next sequence number and then impersonate
solong [7]

Options: True or false

Answer: True

Explanation:TCP(TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL) is is an internet control protocol that allows Communication between internet users or computers by collecting and compiling packets of data and then sending such collected packets of data to the desired user.

Before using a TCP one must first create a connection which will enable it to effectively communicate with the other user.

TCP are established using sequence numbers which can be predicted by another party for their own personal gain.

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CPT, which is used to code procedures in an office, is an example of a/an
ExtremeBDS [4]
 <span>Current Procedural Terminology

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3 0
3 years ago
Write a program that uses while loops to perform the following steps:
Vladimir79 [104]

Answer:

Explanation:

//Include the required header files.

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

//Define the main function.

int main()

{

//Define the variables.

int i, sum = 0, sqSum = 0, firstNum = 1, secondNum = 0;

char ch;

//Check for valid input.

while (!(firstNum < secondNum))

{

cout << "Enter starting number: ";

cin >> firstNum;

cout<<"Enter ending number(must be > startingNumber): ";

cin >> secondNum;

}

//Store first number in i

i = firstNum;

//Dispaly the number.

cout << "The odd numbers between " << firstNum

<< " and " << secondNum << " are:\n";

//Iterate between first and second number.

while (i <= secondNum)

{

//Check for even numbers.

//Store the sum

if (i % 2 == 0)

sum = sum + i;

//Print the odd numbers

//Evaluate the square of sum of odd number.

else

{

cout << i << " ";

sqSum = sqSum + i * i;

}

//Increase the value of i.

i++;

}

//Dispaly the sum of even numbers.

cout << "\n\nThe sum of the even numbers is:"

<< sum << endl << endl;

//Dispaly the sum of square of odd number.

cout << "The sum of squares the odd numbers is:"

<< sqSum << endl;

//Set i to 1.

i = 1;

//Dispaly the message.

cout << "\nNumber Square\n";

//Iterate and print number between 1 andd 10

//along with the sum.

while (i <= 10)

{

cout << " " << i << "\t " << i * i << endl;

i++;

}

//USe for visual studio.

system("pause");

//Return the value 0.

return 0;

}

Explanation:

The program code will perform the function listed below using loop.

Prompt the user to input two integers: firstNum and secondNum (firstNum must be less than secondNum). Output all odd numbers between firstNum and secondNum. Output the sum of all even numbers between firstNum and secondNum. Output the numbers and their squares between 1 and 10. Separate the numbers using any amount of spaces. Output the sum of the square of the odd numbers between firstNum and secondNum. Output all uppercase letters.

Hope this helps!

3 0
3 years ago
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