Answer:
In biology, adaptationism is the perspective that considers that the majority of traits are optimal adaptations achieved by natural selection.
Explanation:
Among his most famous defenders are John Maynard Smith, W.D. Hamilton, Richard Dawkins and Daniel Dennett. Adaptationism has been criticized by authors such as Stephen Jay Gould and Richard Lewontin.
Stephen J. Gould summarizes the "adaptationist program" in the following arguments:
- Adaptation is the central phenomenon of evolution, and the key to understanding its mechanisms.
- Natural selection builds adaptation.
- Natural selection maintains an overwhelmingly predominant relative frequency as a cause of adaptation. Variation only provides raw material and cannot do the job without help.
<u>Characteristics of adaptationism
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Gould and Lewontin (1979) summarize the following way of proceeding from the adaptationist program:
- Atomization of the organism: division of the organism into discrete and disconnected features.
- Optimization of the parts by natural selection.
- Explanation of the adaptations.
Answer:
Read explanation.
Explanation:
Like plants, animals also need food for their bodies. But they can't produce their own food. They have to depend on others for food purposes. After eating anything, that don' t go their cells directly. It passes many stages; then, they go the cell as a fuel. From eating to consuming by the cell, many digestive processes happen, such as the degradation of larger molecules to small molecules. Many chemical reactions also occur to covert elements to that form, which can be taken by cells as fuel as the reaction in mitochondria.
This way, men and animals get food as their fuel.
A. climate, because temperature and precipitation are directly related to how dry or fertile soil is
In the G2 phase the cell is prepping and has reached various checkpoints so that it can divide
