I think the end of the question is "g" not "c". To get the offspring wanted, there are two types of genotype, one is TTgg, the other one is Ttgg. The chance of getting TT or Tt is 1-(1/2)*(1/2)=3/4. The chance of getting gg is (1/2)*(1/2)=1/4. So the total chance is (3/4)*(1/4)=3/16.
The sequence of amino acids in a protein is determined by DNA. In a protein that is present in all species, the amino acid sequence will be different. Once a protein has been chosen, the amino acid sequence of that protein in different species are compared. More similarities, or fewer differences, indicate that two species are closely related. (sorry if im wrong!)
A: Glyclosis
This is just a guess as I need to answer at least one question
Venus is often called the sister planet of Earth because of its size, mass, and what its material its made of.