General Israel Putnam told his men "Dont fire until you see the whites of there eyes because some of them were too eagar to shoot and he wanted them to shoot at close range so they could hit the enemy. This also saved ammunition and helped them fight better.
This seems like more of a personal thing, i can give you some guidance: let's say you believe strongly in a specific political or philosophical view point. when someone breaks this viewpoint how does that make you feel? hope that helps
D) why the city needs better public transportation because it writes it in a question meaning it will give you suggestions on how to improve something
Logos is appeal to reason or logic. It uses facts and evidence to convince a reader or listener of the strength of your argument.