The question is incomplete, so the complete question is as follows:
A chloroplast has stopped producing ATP and NADPH. Which of the following is most likely causing this?
a.The chloroplast has used up its supply of chlorophyll molecules.
b.Electrons have stopped moving through the electron transport chain.
c.The sun has risen and the chloroplast now can make more chlorophyll.
Answer:
b.Electrons have stopped moving through the electron transport chain.
Explanation:
ATP and NADPH are produced in the light dependent reaction stage of the photosynthesis that occurs within chloroplast grana.
ATP and NADPH are produced due to the movement of electron and proton (H+) in the electron transport chain, so if the movement of electrons will stopped in the electron transport chain, the formation of ATP and NADPH will also get stop.
Hence, the correct answer is "b".
Answer:
d. all endothelial cells would be venous
Explanation:
The Notch signaling pathway is a cell signaling system which consist basically of 4 NOTCH genes ( NOTCH1, NOTCH2, NOTCH3, and NOTCH4) each of them having the information to build a particular cell membrane receptor protein.
It has been demonstrated in zebrafish embryos that Notch signaling are highly determinant factors during vascular development, and a key function of these genes was specifically to regulate the differentiation of arterial fate in endothelial cells.
Notch signaling-deficient embryos showed a loss of expression of arterial markers such as ephrinB2 from arterial vessels with an accompanying expansion of venous markers into normally arterial domains. In contrast, embryos in which Notch signaling had been ectopically activated, meaning an activation out of "proper" place (where not expected, e.g. venous endothelial), exhibited the contrary phenotype, this is a suppression of vein-specific markers with ectopic expression of arterial markers in venous vessels.
To summarize, when Notch is supressed (in this case inhibited with a specific Notch inhibitor) arterial fate of endothelium is not followed, and venous fate is stablished. Thus, endothelial cells (those expected to form venous tissues but also arterial ones) would specified as venous.
Helicase, DNA polymerase, Ligase and Primase. These are the ones we learned I don't know if there are more.
Q. What connects the throat and the trachea contains the vocal cords allows you to speak and make sounds structure?
A. The larynx
The structure of the skin is an effective barrier against bacteria. The multiple layers of epidermis, while can be invaded by foreign organisms, has a high turnover rate which means it is constantly shedding, therefore even the bacteria is shed protecting the body. Lastly, the skin's lipids maintain an acidic pH which slows and stops growth and replication of bacteria.
