Answer:
D). Begging the question.
Explanation:
A fallacy is demonstrated as the error or flaw in reasoning due to a deceptive belief that leads to ruin the soundness and validity of the argument.
'Begging the question' fallacy is elucidated as the logical flaw in an argument in which the premise that should function to support the claim rather assumes the validity or truth of the conclusion.
In the given example, the premise('right is guaranteed by the Constitution') is assuming the legitimacy or authenticity of the conclusion('the government has no right to spy on its citizens') instead of merely supporting it. This creates a lack of logical validity in the argument and thus, the credibility of the argument is spoiled. Thus, <u>option D</u> is the correct answer.
Answer:
A and C
Explanation:
You can party all night and bully people who came to the party
Answer:
Cytokines
Explanation:
Stress causes the release of cytokines. Cytokines are proteins. To fight infections cytonkines initiate a response to the immune system this causes inflammation.
Stress can also lead to an increase in a person's allergies. Basically when we are affected by stress our body thinks it is being attacked hence inflammation and the affects of fighting infection appear.
Answer:
Participant demand
Explanation:
Participant demand also known as demand characteristic occurs when a participant in an experiment interpretes experiment's purpose and forms or subconsciously adjusts behaviour during experiment to suit this interpretation. This is an extraneous variable that could alter experiment results. It was studied and pioneered by Martin Orne.