To name an element, I see texture, in the hair and eye sockets, I would also recommend just google searching elements of art, and their definitions, and matching any up to what you can see
The correct answer is B. The sculpture was made around 460 BCE. During this time, those from Athens formed the Delian League. They were in a terrible war with the Peloponnesians or Spartans. The Spartans were supported by the Persians. This is recognized as the Peloponnesian War. The artwork clearly represents the Greeks eventual success to conquer their desired lands.
Not sure about the 1st one, but it sounds like a cruel irony, or karma, where one does something bad, and later on the same bad thing gets done to you. Breaking the fourth wall is when a character in a comic, book, or tv show/movie talks to the reader, or states that he knows that there is an audience and he is just a character (comes from the old tv sets where there were only 3 walls, and the fourth wall was where the audience would watch in, and cameras would shoot: so when they "broke the fourth wall", they looked out at the audience and talked to them). Externalised conscience is essentially, as far as i know, when a character decides between what he wants to do and what he should do, and there are usually many soliliquies (excuse the spelling) while he makes the decision. Not sure if this is all 100% correct, but that's what my non-drama knowledge allows me, and hope it helps you out a little bit.