Which option most accurately explains how the Compromise of 1850 influenced the buildup to the Civil War?

1 answer:

jeka943 years ago

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The Compromise of 1850 set up an untenable status quo between the northern and southern regions of the United States in terms of slavery policy. The U.S. Congress intended to achieve a sustainable solution for the conflict over slavery policy. However, the Compromise of 1850 merely delayed the inevitable schism between rivalling regions of the nation.

Organized and championed by Henry Clay, the Compromise of 1850 was a series of laws and policy enactments that formed a comprehensive new national policy toward issues of slavery and westward expansion. At the core of this debate was the question of whether or not frontier territories should join the Union as new slave states. Southern states preferred an expansion of slavery into new territories, whereas northern states argued in favor of abolishing slavery in any new states. The Compromise of 1850 determined that new states would be slave-free, and the slave trade was also abolished in Washington, D.C.

In exchange for these concessions, southern states received an amendment to the Fugitive Slave Act, which forced northern states to take more aggressive measures to return escaped slaves into the southern states from which they departed. This was wildly unpopular in the North, and many northerners refused to abide by these policies, assisting escaped slaves through the Underground Railroad to Canada. As a result, tensions continued to escalate after the Compromise of 1850 failed to settle the slavery matter, and the Civil War became increasingly inevitable in the following decade.

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While the American Civil War (1861—1865) was devastating for the United States in terms of human loss of life, it was also the event that caused the American states to finally become united. A variety of events prompted the war, not just the underlying issues of slavery and states rights. From the end of the Mexican War to the election of Abraham Lincoln, the war’s roots were numerous and diverse.

With the end of the Mexican War in 1848 and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, America was ceded western territories. This posed a problem. As these new territories would be admitted as states, would they be free or slave states? To deal with this, Congress passed the Compromise of 1850, which basically made California free and allowed the people in Utah and New Mexico to choose for themselves. This ability of a state to decide whether it would allow slavery was called popular sovereignty.

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One of the most publicized events in Bleeding Kansas was when, on May 21, 1856, Border Ruffians ransacked Lawrence, Kansas, which was known to be a staunch free-state area. One day later, violence occurred on the floor of the U.S. Senate. Pro-slavery Congressman Preston Brooks attacked Senator Charles Sumner with a cane after Sumner had given a speech condemning the pro-slavery forces for the violence occurring in Kansas.

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John Brown was a radical abolitionist who had been involved in anti-slavery violence in Kansas. On October 16, 1859, he led a group of 17, including five black members, to raid the arsenal located in Harper's Ferry, Virginia (now West Virginia). His goal was to start a slave uprising using the captured weapons. However, after capturing several buildings, Brown and his men were surrounded and eventually killed or captured by troops led by Colonel Robert E. Lee. Brown was tried and hanged for treason. This event added more fuel to the growing abolitionist movement that helped lead to open warfare in 1861.

With the election of Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln on November 6, 1860, South Carolina followed by six other states seceded from the Union. Even though his views about slavery were considered moderate during the nomination and presidential campaign, South Carolina had warned it would secede if he won. Lincoln agreed with the majority of the Republican Party that the South was becoming too powerful and made it part of the party platform that slavery would not be extended to any new territories or states added to the Union.

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