The units of genetic distance derived from bacterial conjugation studies are called minutes. Bacterial conjugation is the process by which a bacterium transfers genetic materials to another through direct contact. One bacterium serves as a donor of the genetic material and the other serves as the recipient.
Generally, Separation Costs will be incurred when the production unit is decreased which will adversely decrease the needed compliment. Separation cost is also incurred when automation leve is increased
ATP A ADP + P + energy here's what it looks like chemically, Each phosphate is a Po4( oxygen has a charge of -2 and there are 4 of them, for a total of - 8 and P has a charge of +5, so the net charge of the phosphate group is -3 if free H atom, which are +1, get added to the 0 atoms that aren't bonded to two things then the net charge is zero.)
