Options:
A) their depth and distance from the shore.
B) their temperature and distance from the shore.
C) the type of plant life present.
D) the type of fish present.
Answer:
A) their depth and distance from the shore.
Explanation:
The marine environment occupies about 71% of the land surface, its deepest parts reach almost 11,000 meters. In this environment two domains are distinguished: the benthic, which corresponds to the seabed, where benthic organisms are fixed or moving on the substrate, and the pelagic, which comprises the body of water, where organisms that swim actively predominate.
As for light penetration, the marine environment has three distinct regions: euphotic zone - the most superficial region that receives the most sunlight; dysphotic zone - dimly lit region; aphotic zone - totally absent lighting.
There are three categories of marine communities:
- Plankton - organisms that have a passive displacement through the water, being dragged by the marine currents. It is divided into phytoplankton, which are autotrophic beings (algae), and zooplankton (heterotrophic), represented by protozoa, small crustaceans and larvae of various animals such as mollusks and fishes;
- Necton - beings that swim freely across seas and oceans, such as octopuses, turtles, fish and aquatic mammals;
- Bentos - organisms that live fixed or depend on the substrate for survival, represented by algae, corals, sponges, starfish, fish and others.
In the Coastal Marine biome are important ecosystems such as mangrove swamps, coral reefs and estuaries.
