<span>a. Immigration was discouraged to preserve the jobs of low-income Americans.
Because of the fact that african american and asian and really all immigrants that werent of white descent were deported. This was called the naturalization act of 1870</span>
The California Gold Rush brought some 300,000 people to California from the rest of the United States. Hope this helps!
b) a literary movement that rebelled against conformity in American life