Answer:
the most closely related to proteins are molecules amino acids
Answer:stomach acids i presume such as Gastric acid, or what most people call stomach acid, is vital in the proper breaking down of your food. It's composed of multiple compounds and enzymes, which form the fiery cocktail of hydrochloric acid (HCI), potassium chloride and sodium chloride.
Explanation:
Answer:
There are a variety of ways in which bacteria can be harmful, the primary one being direct pathogenesis of humans. Bacteria can infect and damage human tissues through several different mechanisms. Many bacteria secrete toxins, which allow them to kill competitor bacteria and/or damage eukaryotic cells, thus gaining a competitive advantage.
Explanation:
Hope this helps!!
Answer:
A) nutrient A only
Explanation:
In this case, enzyme A is required for the digestion of nutrient A, thereby evidencing that the mutation affects the enzymatic pathway and the mutant strain only can grow by supplementation with this nutrient. In molecular biology, mutant strains are useful to study enzymatic functions (for instance, the role of enzyme A in nutrient assimilation), as well as to examine downstream signaling pathways.
In experimental design, spontaneous mutations are induced to study their effects on the phenotype. Subsequently, reverse mutations may also be induced to reverse the forward mutation, thus restoring the original wild-type phenotype.
Alpha motor neurons receive input from a number of sources, including upper motor neurons, sensory neurons, and interneurons. The primary output of α-MNs is to extrafusal muscle fibers.
