The first alternative is correct.
The implementation of the machines increased the efficiency of capitalist production by increasing the productivity that the machines induced.
From the implementation of the machines, more goods were produced in a shorter time and with a smaller amount of labor. This has reduced production costs and increased production efficiency. As a result, profit has increased.
The correct answer is A. Opium Wars
The Opium Wars were two conflicts between the Chinese empire and the British empire. The first one lasted between 1839 and 1842 and the second one took place between 1856 and 1860. The causes of these conflicts were the commercial interests created by the British illegal traffic of opium in India and China and the efforts of the Chinese government to impose laws and control that commerce.
Since the British contraband of opium generated a great social problem in China, where a large part of its population became severely addicted to this drug, the Chinese government decided to ban the commerce and use of opium in all its territory. This affected directly the British commercial interests, therefore the United Kingdom started a military reprisal in order to re-establish the commerce of opium.
The Chinese defeat in both wars forced the Chinese government to tolerate the opium business. Moreover, the British coerced the Chinese to sign the Unequal Treaty, by which China ceded Hong Kong to the UK and opened several ports to international trade with Europe. This ended several decades of the Chinese policy of international isolation.
In 1998, the House of Representatives impeached President Clinton on charges of obstruction of justice and perjury.
The attempted impeachment of US President Bill Clinton (1998–1999) took place as a result of the scandal with Monica Lewinsky and subsequent court proceedings, which served as grounds for accusing Clinton of perjury and obstruction of justice.
Clinton was acquitted by the Senate on February 12, 1999. Requiring a two-thirds majority for the conviction, only 50 out of 100 senators voted for the obstruction charge and 45 for the perjury charge.