The initial factor is the moon's size, which is relatively small compared to the Earth, meaning it has less gravity. This means that more gas is allowed to escape from the surface, which means that there is no atmosphere. This leaders to highly fluctuating temperatures.
Tectonic plates shift below the surface of the earth
Changes from building houses to withstand either tsunamis or hurricanes. From changes to the local economy and how the food grows and what needs to be strengthen to adapt to the noticeable weather change. Also from the changes of local and current laws and or codes of laws.
It had smaller population around 2 million