The Neolithic period represents the time when the early scattered group of hunters were gathered and eventually started to live together, forming small villages. They discovered fire and its use, and also started to start cultivate in their places, from which they were able to obtain their food. This is how the humans were able to domesticate the plants and animals during the Neolithic period.
Thus, this period represents the initial time from which the humans started to evolve.
The diffusion s process of the spread of the cultural traits and the spread of the beliefs and the social activities of one culture to that of the different ethnicities, and religions, and other nationalities, etc.
With the water underneath and no wind or ice underneath(unless the water freezes) the water would rub against the dirt, rock, and limestone, eroding and burning away, only to be left with a cave of limestone.