Answer:
Russia and France
Explanation:
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Answer:
Reevaluation of beliefs and as a result the loss of authority of the Holy Empire. the long term effects were: the emergence of new heretical movements, the declining of papcy.
Answer: Both have important elements of civilization in common — among the earliest of written languages, a network of interconnected cities, cooperating and conflicting, formalized government and religion, and so on — but these were very different civilizations, not least for geographical and climatological reasons.
Mesopotamia is a complex example of a river valley civilization — complex because it consists of not one river, but two, the Tigris and the Euphrates, but still I think we can call this a paradigm case of a river valley civilization. We also know that the earliest origins of civilization emerged here, or nearby (Anatolia may be the ultimate point of origin for civilization in this geographical region). The deep history of civilization originating in this region has meant repeated bifurcations in the history of the region, hence cultural and civilizational complexity.
The origins of Mayan civilization are as yet not sufficiently known to determine whether Mayan civilization was completely autonomous in its origins, or if the idea of civilization came to Mesoamerica by way of idea diffusion from the earliest sources of settled neolithic agriculture in the Rio Balsas valley (where corn originated in what is now southern Mexico). Whether or not a civilization emerged autonomously is not always a central question, but in the case of Mayan civilization it should be a central question, because one of the most distinctive things about Mayan civilization is that it is a civilization of a tropical rainforest. Most autonomously emerging civilizations appeared in river valleys, but Mayan civilization appeared and flourished in the jungles of Mesoamerica. There are few other examples of civilizations of the tropical rainforest in the world, the Khmer civilization being another, but in the case of the Khmer we know that it did not originate autonomously, as it comes much later in history when the idea of civilization was already diffused in Indochina.
Explanation: Please give me brainliest
Most working class women in Victorian England had no choice but to work in order to help support their families. They worked either in factories, or in domestic service for richer households or in family businesses. Many women also carried out home-based work such as finishing garments and shoes for factories, laundry, or preparation of snacks to sell in the market or streets. This was in addition to their unpaid work at home which included cooking, cleaning, child care and often keeping small animals and growing vegetables and fruit to help feed their families.
However, women’s work has not always been accurately recorded within sources that historians rely on, due to much of women's work being irregular, home-based or within a family-run business. Women's work was often not included within statistics on waged work in official records, altering our perspective on the work women undertook. Often women’s wages were thought of as secondary earnings and less important than men’s wages even though they were crucial to the family’s survival. This is why the census returns from the early years of the 19th century often show a blank space under the occupation column against women’s names – even though we now have evidence from a variety of sources from the 1850s onwards that women engaged in a wide variety of waged work in the UK.
Examine

These women worked at the surface of the coal mines, cleaning coal, loading tubs, etc. They wore short trousers, clogs and aprons as these clothes were safer near machinary.
Credit:
Working Class Movement Library; TUC Collections, London Metropolitan University
Women’s occupations during the second half of the 19th and early 20th century included work in textiles and clothing factories and workshops as well as in coal and tin mines, working in commerce, and on farms. According to the 1911 census, domestic service was the largest employer of women and girls, with 28% of all employed women (1.35 million women) in England and Wales engaged in domestic service. Many women were employed in small industries like shirt making, nail making, chain making and shoe stitching. These were known as 'sweated industries' because the working hours were long and pay was very low . Factories organised work along the lines of gender – with men performing the supervisory roles and work which was categorized as ‘skilled’.
A) Thirty years war
he Thirty Years' War was a war fought primarily in Central Europe. One of the most destructive conflicts in human history, it resulted in eight million fatalities not only from military engagements but also from violence, famine, and plague. Casualties were overwhelmingly and disproportionately inhabitants of the Holy Roman Empire, most of the rest being battle deaths from various foreign armies.
