Trade with the Arabs did a few things for the African kingdoms. It increased trade, profit, and led to a ruling class.
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Some effects are:
<span>- A new republic in France </span>
<span>- the fall of Metternich </span>
<span>- promises of reform in Austria, Italy, and Prussia </span>
<span>- A new empire established in France </span>
<span>- Success in liberalism, nationalism, and socialism </span>
The answer is a. Fight against each other
I believe the correct answer is D
