Answer to this question is b
The sole reason why red blood cells are unable to replace damaged proteins is that red blood cells lack DNA and cell organelles such as nucleus, ribosomes and mitochondria which are crucial for protein synthesis, assembly and repair. In other words they lack both the information and the machinery for making or repair of proteins.
Due to lack of DNA and cell organelles, red blood cells cannot be able satisfy the central dogma which summarizes synthesis of proteins as DNA → RNA → proteins.
DNA has the genetic information on how proteins should be made, RNA is responsible for transferring the information from DNA in the cell nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, then translating or decoding this information, which results in the making of protein.
The proteins are produced in the golgi apparatus. Then, they are transported through the microtubules inside the cell towards the cell membrane. Then, the proteins pass through the lipid bilayer of the membrane. of the membrane and move out of the cell.
Because the majority of cell differentiation occurs during the EMBRYONIC phase, .................. The embryonic stage of pregnancy is the period after implantation during which all the important organs and structures in the growing fetus is formed. Tetratogens are factors that caused malformation of embryo. Exposure to tetratogens during embryonic stage cause most destructive damages.
