Explanation:
When the high energy electrons move from the reactive center, they are conveyed from one chain protein to another as the energy in the electrons is harnessed to pump H+ ions from the stroma into the lamellae. The electron will ultimately reduce NADP+ to NADPH and the electrons in the reactive center will be replaced by high energy electrons from the splitting of a water molecule in photolysis. The energy of the sun is used to split the water molecule. The high energy electrons then undergo the same cycle as the previous electrons and the cycle continues.
Eventually a proton-motive force is created across the lamellae membrane. This potential energy of the high H+ ion gradient is used by ATP synthase enzyme to phosphorylate ADPs to ATPs.
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<u>Answer</u>:
Femur diaphysis and epiphyseal ends is made up with cortical bone and contains bone narrow. It is in the middle tabular part and composed with compact bone and central marrow cavity is situated around it. It is round in shape and a long bone. It is the origin of the attachment of many muscles as well as ligament.
The femur is the longest bone which is present in our thigh and also call as thigh bone. The division of femur can be divided into shaft, proximal and distal. In some aspect it is the strongest bone of our body and it helps in any activities.
Numerous degenerative neurological conditions, most notably Parkinson's disease, have been linked to an excessive buildup of alpha synuclein (a-syn) in the brain. Intraneuronal inclusions, often known as Lewy bodies, are neuropathological characteristics seen in Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia, and other synucleopathies. The aggregation of a-syn is their main structural component. A-syn accumulation, aggregation, and ensuing Lewy body formation can be attributed to a variety of biological processes. These include genetic changes in parkin, synuclein, or the deubiquitinating enzyme ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase (UCH-L1), which results in less efficient removal of a-syn via the ubiquitin proteasomal pathway (UPP). Additionally, environmental variables and an age-related decline in antioxidant defense mechanisms that heighten oxidative stress and can have an impact on the formation or clearance of a-syn are intracellular insults.
We focused on changes in the aggregation and clearance of a-syn as impacted by the UPP and the oxidative stress pathways in our dynamic models of a-syn processing in both normal and various disease states. A free radical profile similar to that observed in vivo after exposure to the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine is produced during simulation of enhanced oxidative stress (MPTP). To replicate the kinetics of a-syn that correlates to the neuropathology reported for the sporadic and hereditary types of Parkinson's disease, different model parameters of oxidative stress, UPP failure, or both routes are used. With the use of this in silico model, it is possible to evaluate the kinetics of pathway elements and more accurately identify and validate key pharmaceutical targets.
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Answer: B. pressure changes in the thorax
Explanation:
The veins are the blood vessels which returns the deoxygenated blood from all the tissues and cells of the body back to the heart. The ventricular systole, venous valves, activity of the skeletal muscles and neural control over venoconstriction all influence the movement of the blood in the venous.
The pressure changes in the thorax occurs due to inspiration and expiration. During the process of inspiration, the diaphragm below the lungs contracts and moves downward while the muscles of the ribs pulls downward. When the size of the thoracic cavity increase the air pressure inside the cavity decreases and vice-versa. The pressure inside the thoracic cavity is not related with the movement of the venous blood as it regulates the exchange of the gases not the blood.
Answer:
Cell theory meets the definition of a scientific theory because it can be proven, it has been tested for a long period of time and therefore there are many evidences that support the theory but not enough to become a law. Well scientific laws are statements based on repeated experiments or observation, but also, a law is something that always applies under the same conditions. Evolution occurs in the characteristics of living things within a species overtime. . A theory is much more complex: it explains why something happens. A law only describes what happens.
The cell theory meets the definition of a scientific theory but i do not think it should be a scientific law.
Explanation: