Answer: James Hutton proposed the principle of Uniformitarianism.
James Hutton.
Explanation: James Hutton was a renowned geologist, he gave the concept of Uniformitarianism. This concept links with the answer of first part of your question, the only difference is that this theory talks about changes that occurs within the Earth crust, whereas the answer of first part discussed the visible Earth features. This theory states that the changes in earth crust occurs due to some static and ongoing geological processes, which we discussed earlier. Earth's features which we can see along with those which occurs within the Earth crust are both the consequence of geological processes which gradually bring changes.
Uniformitarianism is the principle or assumption that the same natural laws and processes that operate in the universe now have always operated in the universe in the past and apply everywhere in the universe. This concept became known as uniformitarianism and can be summarized by the phrase "the present is the key to the past."
