1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
Lady bird [3.3K]
3 years ago
11

How is it possible for the lucas test to give a false positive?

Business
1 answer:
Drupady [299]3 years ago
4 0
Lucas' reagent is a solution of anhydrous zinc chloride in concentrated hydrochloric acid. This solution is used to classify alcohols of low molecular weight. The reaction is a substitution in which the chloride replaces a hydroxyl group. A positive test is indicated by a change from clear and colourless to turbid, signalling formation of a chloroalkane.[1] Also, the best results for this test are observed in tertiary alcohols, as they form the respective alkyl halides fastest due to higher stability of the intermediate tertiary carbocation. The test was reported in 1930 and became a standard method in qualitative organic chemistry.[2] The test has since become somewhat obsolete with the availability of various spectroscopic and chromatographic methods of analysis. It was named after Howard Lucas (1885–1963).

Lucas testEdit

Lucas test in alcohols is a test to differentiate between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols. It is based on the difference in reactivity of the three classes of alcohols with hydrogen halides via an SN1 reaction:[3]

ROH + HCl → RCl + H2O

The differing reactivity reflects the differing ease of formation of the corresponding carbocations. Tertiary carbocations are far more stable than secondary carbocations, and primary carbocations are the least stable.

An equimolar mixture of ZnCl2 and HCl is the reagent. The alcohol is protonated by this mixture, and H2O group attached to carbon is replaced by the nucleophile Cl−, which is present in excess. Tertiary alcohols react immediately with Lucas reagent as evidenced by turbidity owing to the low solubility of the organic chloride in the aqueous mixture. Secondary alcohols react within five or so minutes (depending on their solubility). Primary alcohols do not react appreciably with Lucas reagent at room temperature.[3]Hence, the time taken for turbidity to appear is a measure of the reactivity of the class of alcohol, and this time difference is used to differentiate among the three classes of alcohols:

no visible reaction at room temperature and forming an oily layer only on heating: primary, such as 1-pentanol

solution forms oily layer in 3–5 minutes: secondary, such as 2-pentanol

solution forms oily layer immediately: tertiary, such as 2-methyl-2-butanol

You might be interested in
A limitation of revenue-oriented pricing is that _______. a. it cannot be used by manufacturing companies b. the profit goals of
Anvisha [2.4K]

A limitation of revenue-oriented pricing is that it does not focus on maximizing the surplus of income over costs.

*Revenue-oriented pricing (also known as profit- oriented pricing or cost based pricing) where the marketer seeks to maximize the profits (i.e. the surplus income over costs) or simply to cover costs and break even.

* It is plan that focuses on increasing company income by maximizing both short and long term sales potential.

*Having a dedicated strategy of this kind is critical, as it is near impossible to grow revenue without a documented plan of action.

The only limitation is it focuses on maximizing the surplus of income over costs.

Learn more about revenue oriented pricing here

brainly.com/question/15417881

#SPJ4

7 0
2 years ago
What is double jeopardy?<br> Explain how this vocabulary<br> word relates to the 5th<br> Amendment.
kykrilka [37]

Double jeopardy is a legal defense which, after a clear acquittal or conviction, does not preclude an accused person from being charged on the same charge again.

Explanation:

The Fifth Amendment to the Constitution states that "no one is twice liable to be targeted at the same offense." The Double-jeopardy Clause bars any second prosecution or conviction and forbids multiple penalties of the same offense.

Double jeopardy does not shield suspects from being charged for multiple offenses, while separate charges are prohibited for the same crime.

For example,  An convicted person could again be charged on the "less included crime" of involuntary killing.

6 0
3 years ago
Database systems may profoundly affefct the fundamental nature of accounting. The basic rationale for the double-entry model is
katen-ka-za [31]

Answer:

The double-entry model of accounting might be un-necessary in database frameworks could be valid as the sums identified with the exchange are gone into a database frameworks accurately, as it is put away just a single time and not twice. Information handling is adequately precise to make pointless the detailed arrangement of checks and twofold watches that describes the double-entry model.  

Despite the fact that there are points of interest of double-entry accounting, in database frameworks it is superfluous as the database model handling get the job done these focal points.  

Effect of database frameworks on bookkeeping and the AIS are robotization and smooth out reporting.It process, changes and creates an information and it is utilized for dynamic as it gives the opportune data as it is mechanized.  

Solid interior controls are actualized in the framework with the goal that accounting frauds won't happen.

4 0
3 years ago
Manuel borrowed a total of $4000 from two student loans. One loan charged 4% simple interest and the other charged 3.5% simple i
hichkok12 [17]

Answer:

the principal amount at a rate of 4% is 2000

principal amount at a rate of 3.5% is 4000-2000 =2000

Explanation:

We have given total amount borrowed = $4000

Let x amount is borrowed at a rate of 4%

So $4000-x is borrowed at rate of 3.5%

Total interest = $150

We know that simple interest =\frac{principal\ amount\times rate\times time}{100}

So \frac{x\times 4\times 1}{100}+\frac{(4000-x)\times 3.5\times 1}{100}=150

4x+14000-3.5x=15000

0.5 x=1000

x = 2000

So the principal amount at a rate of 4% is 2000

And principal amount at a rate of 3.5% is 4000-2000 =2000

7 0
4 years ago
Imagination Museum is holding nominations for its board of directors. It is the first time that over half of the positions are v
NeX [460]

Answer:

E- Gender balance

Explanation:

Gender balance is an important consideration in having a good board for a number of reasons.

  • Gender balance provides diversity of thought, contributing to better decisions being made. This diversity of thought contributes to better stakeholder representation as well as up to pace evolution with the market.
  • Gender balance as well, brings together strengths more expressed in each gender. For instance, men are more objective and women function better at defining responsibilities . Bringing together individual strengths, creates a stronger team and increases efficiency of the board.

  • Gender diversity also increases access to various essential skills such as operational experience, knowledge of the industry.

6 0
3 years ago
Other questions:
  • Wildhorse Co. had the following transactions during the current period.
    6·1 answer
  • Holton Company makes three products in a single facility. Data concerning these products follow:
    6·1 answer
  • When the drawee of an unaccepted draft or check pays to a holder the amount due in full, all parties to the instrument are disch
    6·1 answer
  • Variance analysis Jack Joe, Inc. standard costing provided below. During 20x1, Jack Joe Inc. used 410,000 of raw materials to pr
    6·1 answer
  • 1Discuss how the examples in the opening case show how the choices facing a firm making a longrun decision on plant location are
    8·1 answer
  • Imagine the federal government has a national debt of $10.2 trillion. Congress's budget for the coming year includes a spending
    15·2 answers
  • How are creditor and investor claims reported on a balance sheet?
    11·1 answer
  • HELPPPPP!
    13·1 answer
  • Is a decline in the value of the real against the us dollar good for embraer, bad for embraer, or a mixed bag? explain your answ
    15·1 answer
  • What is the overall purpose of strategic management? multiple choice question. gain competitive advantage
    12·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!