The answer is nobody. Accounts regarding the 1812 War which lasted from June 18, 1812 to February 18, 1815 never mentioned any exact winner since there is no winner at all. There was a truce between the two opposing sides - the United States of America and the United Kingdom. However, for the perspectives of the Canadian, they won since their territory was not snatched by the US. On the other hand, Americans would say that it was a tie.
This historian would be using the skill of "comparative analysis," since he or she is comparing a wide variety of sources to draw a conclusion between them as a group.
Petrarch was an Italian poet and scholar who paved the way for the Renaissance by re-discovering Cicero's letters. He has also been called "The Father of Humanism."
