“Crime” is not a phenomenon that can be defined according to any objective set of criteria. Instead, what a particular state, legal regime, ruling class or collection of dominant social forces defines as “crime” in any specific society or historical period will reflect the political, economic and cultural interests of such forces. By extension, the interests of competing political, economic or cultural forces will be relegated to the status of “crime” and subject to repression,persecution and attempted subjugation. Those activities of an economic, cultural or martial nature that are categorized as “crime” by a particular system of power and subjugation will be those which advance the interests of the subjugated and undermine the interests of dominant forces. Conventional theories of criminology typically regard crime as the product of either “moral” failing on the part of persons labeled as “criminal,” genetic or biological predispositions towards criminality possessed by such persons, “social injustice” or“abuse” to which the criminal has previously been subjected, or some combination of these. (Agnew and Cullen, 2006) All of these theories for the most part regard the “criminal as deviant” perspective offered by established interests as inherently legitimate, though they may differ in their assessments concerning the matter of how such “deviants” should be handled. The principal weakness of such theories is their failure to differentiate the problem of anti-social or predatory individual behavior<span> per se</span><span> from the matter of “crime” as a political, legal, economic and cultural construct. All human groups, from organized religions to outlaw motorcycle clubs, typically maintain norms that disallow random or unprovoked aggression by individuals against other individuals within the group, and a system of penalties for violating group norms. Even states that have practiced genocide or aggressive war have simultaneously maintained legal prohibitions against “common” crimes. Clearly, this discredits the common view of the state’s apparatus of repression and control (so-called “criminal justice systems”) as having the protection of the lives, safety and property of innocents as its primary purpose.</span>
Answer:
participate actively in interest groups or political parties
Explanation:
Individuals have a stronger voice in public policy when they <u>participate in interest groups or political parties</u>.
Participating in interest groups or political activities affords an individual the opportunity for their opinions on public matters or policies to be heard. An individual who does not participate in political parties will not have a say in policy and political decisions.
A for sure
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Answer: Brain Imaging Techniques
Explanation: 1- Brain Imaging Techniques, also know as Neuroimaging or Brain-Scanning, are techniques used to image the brain and it serves multiple purposes.
2- In this particular case, Dr. Snell wants to do a functional imaging, which is one of the two broad categories of neuroimaging.
3- Functional Imaging allow doctors to see the brain while is functioning and brain information processing can be visualized directly because the areas that are functioning in any type of mental state "Lights up" on the scan.
4- In this case, Dr. Snell will use Brain Imaging Techniques, in order to detect brain areas that are active when the participants are lying.
Answer:
Congress lacked the power to levy taxes and struggled to finance the Revolutionary War. With the ratification of the Articles of Confederation, the Congress became known as the Congress of the Confederation. In June 1775, Congress created the Continental Army and gave command of the Army to George Washington.
Explanation:
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