Question

Describe how proteins synthesized in a cell are packaged, modified, and exported out of the cell. Be sure to include the contribution of the endoplasmic reticulum, the golgi apparatus, and the cell membrane in this process.
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Answer 1

The proteins are synthesized by the ribosomes through the process of translation and are located in the lumen of the cisternae in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. These proteins are then pinched off from the cisternae in the form of vesicles. Vesicles are the small, membrane-enclosed envelops produced by the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. They are then carried to the Golgi apparatus, where in, they are packed and transported out by the secretory vesicles pinched by the Golgi. It is delivered to the cytoplasm and reaches the cell membrane of the cell where they are released outside the cell. Lysosomes digest and recycle the waste materials produced in this process.