The correct answer is option b. "cause a change in the reading frame of mRNA codons".
Explanation:
Frameshift mutations are among the most drastic mutations because in most cases, result in the translation of a completely different protein. Frameshift mutations are the result of insertions or deletion of one or more nucleotides, resulting in a change in the reading frame of mRNA codons. In consequence, the ribosome translates a different amino acid sequence, based on the new reading frame of mRNA codons.
