Answer:
It causes global warming as well as air pollution.
Explanation:
Burning of fossil fuels has adverse effect on outdoor air pollution because when the fossil fuels burns carbondioxide gas is released in the atmosphere. Carbondioxide gas is a greenhouse gas which is released in the atmosphere through burning of fossil fuels and is responsible for increasing air pollution. This increase in carbondioxide gas leads to global warming due to blockage of solar radiation that is reflected from the earth surface.
<h2>GPCRs and RTKs</h2>
Explanation:
1) Phosphorylation of receptor can terminate signal or desensitize receptor: GPCRs because when signal persists a protein kinase receptor is activated,this further catalyse the phosphorylation of several serine residue at cytosolic phase of 7 transmembrane
Phosphorylated transmembrane recognized by arrestin protein blocks interaction between trimeric G protein and receptor thus blocks signal transduction
2) Autophosphorylation of receptor can initiate signal: RTKs because receptor dimerization activates intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity by which they phosphorylate its own tyrosine residue on cytosolic phase
3) Structure contains seven transmembrane helices: GPCRs because it consists of single polypeptide and spans the membrane 7 times hence called 7 transmembrane;it recognizes external signal and activates trimeric G protein
4) Ligand binding induces conformational change in receptor: RTKs because normally RTK exist in monomeric form in absence of any ligand molecule but when any ligand molecule binds receptor starts to dimerize
5) Receptor activation causes phosphorylation of its cytosolic subunits: RTKs because when receptor gets activates the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity by which they phosphorylate its cytosolic subunits
6) An example is the insulin receptor: Insulin receptor is present on plasma membrane and belongs to RTK family and always exist in dimeric form
7) Transports some ligands through the membrane: Neither GPCR nor RTK;ligand gets transported through the membrane through ligand gated channel
8) An example is the epinephrine receptor: Epinephrine is an endocrine hormone produced by adrenal glands in stress condition and prepare body for fight and flight;Epinephrine uses GPCR signalling pathway by four different types of membrane receptors in different tissues
9) Activate heterotrimeric G proteins directly: Transmembrane protein of GPCR recognizes the external signal and activates G protein,activated G protein binds with effector enzyme and activate it which further produce or destroy secondary messenger that carry message from cell surface to cell interior
The walls of the cell membrane is what strengthens it
State of demographic transition of all countries dictates the growth rate of global population and how close we are to carrying capacity
Red blood cells will swell and burst.
The reason behind this is that red blood cells are okay when they are in the plasma (the watery part of the blood) because the solutes in plasma are so well balanced that plasma is rendered isotonic. An isotonic solution is a type of solution that has the same salt concentration as its surrounding environment and thus the substances around it e.g. cells neither gain nor lose water. In the blood plasma, the red blood cells neither lose nor gain water and so they remain intact.
However distilled water is hypotonic (has less or no solutes) and therefore osmosis will take place when red blood cell which have a higher solute concentration are placed in it. Water molecules will leave the distilled water and pass into the red blood cells through the semi-permeable membrane of the cells in an attempt to equalize the difference in osmotic pressure on either side of the membrane. In so doing, water will accumulate in the cell which will then swell to capacity and ultimately burst.
