Darius I was the third king of the Achaemenid Empire, and is
mentioned on several biblical books. He had several achievements during his
reign and conquered several kingdoms and cultures, estimated 44% of the world’s
population. One of his major achievements was making Aramaic the official
language of his empire, which helped streamline transactions and documents. So the correct answer is 2.
Generally speaking, advanced farming techniques allowed for a surplus of food, which led to the emergence of a "artisan" class--since for the first time people were "freed" to engage in other actives besides gathering food.
