Answer:
Decrease is taxes
Increase in government spending
Explanation:
Government policies that increases the money supply in an economy is known as expansionary fiscal policy. They are:
1. Decrease is taxes - when government reduces the tax rate, the amount paid as taxes falls and as a result individuals, companies have higher disposable income whuch can be used for consumption or saving. This increases the money supply in the economy.
2. Increase in government spending - if the government increases it's spending on public goods for example, money supply would increase. If the government constructs a road, labour would be employed and paid wages. This payment increases the income of Labour and money supply increases.
Central bank policies that increases money supply are known as expansionary monetary policies. They include:
1. Open market purchase: The central bank purchase securities from the open market to increase money supply.
2. Reduction in reserve requirement ratio : if the reserve requirement ratio is reduced , commercial banks would have more money to give out as loans and this would increase money supply.
I think the answer is either a or c
Answer:
The answer is:
10% fixed rate = Company X's external borrowing (rate);
11.8% fixed rate = Company Y's payment to X (rate);
LIBOR + 1.5% = Company X's payment to Y (rate);
LIBOR + 1.5% = Company Y's external borrowing rate.
Explanation:
First, X will borrow at 10% fixed and Y will borrow at LIBOR + 1.5% floating; both at notational principal of $10 million.
Then; they will enter into a interest swap where:
- X will pay to the swap the interest rate of Libor +1.5% and receive from the swap the fixed interest rate of 11.8%. Thus, X interest income and interest expenses will be: Borrowed at fixed 10% and payment at Libor+1.5% to the swap; Receipt of 11.8% from the Swap=> Net effect: X borrowed at LIBOR - 0.3% ( saving of 0.3%).
- Y will pay to the swap the fixed interest rate 11.8% and receive from the swap LIBOR +1.5%. Thus, Y interest income and interest expenses will be: Borrowed at LIBOR +1.5 and payment 11.8% fixed to the swap; Receipt of Libor + 1.5% from Bthe Swap=> Net effect: Y borrowed at 11.8% fixed ( saving of 0.2%).
Based on the information given, the corporate bond will be recommended for Mr. Brown while the municipal bond will be recommended for Mr Black.
<u>Mr Brown:</u>
The after-yield tax on corporate bonds will be:
= Before tax yield × (1 - tax rate)
= 4% × (1 - 0.10)
= 3.60%
After tax yield on municipal bond will be:
= 3.5% × 1 = 3.5%
The corporate bond is recommended.
For <u>Mr. Black</u>
The after-yield tax on corporate bonds will be:
= 4% × (1 - 0.35)
= 2.60%
The after-yield tax on municipal bonds will be:
= 3.5% × 1
= 3.5%
Therefore, the municipal bond is recommended.
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Assuming a company sells 800 units at $16 each, has variable costs of $12 per unit. The after-tax income is $1,200.
<h3>After-tax income</h3>
Using this formula
After-tax income=(Selling units×Selling price)-[(Variable costs×Selling price)+Fixed costs]×(1- tax rate)
Let plug in the formula
After-tax income=(800 units× $16 each)-[(800 units × $12 each)+$1200]×(1-.40)
After-tax income=$12,800-($9,600+$1,200)×0.60
After-tax income=$12,800-$10,800×0.60
After-tax income=$2,000×0.60
After-tax income=$1,200
Inconclusion the after-tax income is $1,200.
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