5th century to 15th century
The answer for apex is Freedom of speech
Northerners believed that abolition was the way to go because they thought people should not be treated like property and toil like slaves. All people were equal in their eyes, so they decided to treat people like that, especially Quakers and abolitionists.
Southerners, while there may have some abolition supporters (possibly), thought differently. They believed abolitionists were trying to take their sources of hard labor in the South: slaves. Southern slave masters wanted slaves to work for almost no pay and do the work they didn't want to do, so aboiliton was NOT something they really liked...
People used the telegraph to send messages via Morse Code. Which was a variation of taps on a small pad sending electronic pulses that would make a beeping sound. There would be someone on the other end that would listen to the pulses and write them down into words
