Answer:
It should be Frederick Law Olmsted.
This quote would most likely come out of a textbook that could be related to people who would support social darwinism. For that reason 3. Social Darwinism is the correct answer.
Social Darwinism talks exactly about this type of things where people and whole nations are in the struggle for survival and only the fittest ones will survive in this ongoing struggle.
Answer:
all were led by pharaohs and made progress and prospered
