<span>Point mutations are of two types: Substitutions of bases that are the change of one base of DNA by another. And Transitions that are replaced on a pyrrhic basis by another pyrrhic or a pyrimidine by another pyrimidine. Transversions: substitution of a pyrrhic base by another pyrimidine or vice versa. These mutations are negative because they affect only one of the nucleotides, and therefore, only one triplet of bases are affected. When the mutation does not affect the individual it is a silent mutation. Chromosomal mutations Changes in the structure of the diploid chromosomes, where one of the chromosomes has a mutation, will have another normal. They can hinder the process of meiosis in the carrier since it hinders the correct pairing of the homologous chromosomes. It would produce an unfeasible offspring or with mutations.</span>
The answer to this question would be: by producing buffer
The pH of optimal growth of bacteria might be different. Some bacteria can grow in an acid condition called acidophile, other live in base condition called alkaliphiles and the rest live in neutral pH condition called neutrophiles. The bacteria can maintain their internal pH by producing acid, base or buffer. If the surrounding pH is too acid, the bacteria can reduce the H+ concentration by producing base. If the condition is too alkali/base, the bacteria can produce acid by doing fermentation.
Blood is slightly basic with a pH of about 7.35 to about 7.45.
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