Answer:
Explanation:
The genes in DNA encode protein molecules, which are the "workhorses" of the cell, carrying out all the functions necessary for life. For example, enzymes, including those that metabolize nutrients and synthesize new cellular constituents, as well as DNA polymerases and other enzymes that make copies of DNA during cell division, are all proteins.
In the simplest sense, expressing a gene means manufacturing its corresponding protein, and this multilayered process has two major steps. In the first step, the information in DNA is transferred to a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule by way of a process called transcription. During transcription, the DNA of a gene serves as a template for complementary base-pairing, and an enzyme called RNA polymerase II catalyzes the formation of a pre-mRNA molecule, which is then processed to form mature mRNA (Figure 1). The resulting mRNA is a single-stranded copy of the gene, which next must be translated into a protein molecule.
Answer:
c. Proteins and lipids are made on the ER membrane and put in vesicles.
a. Vesicles containing proteins and lipids fuse with the Golgi bodies.
d. The Golgi bodies tag the molecules to signal their ultimate delivery.
b. Vesicles pinched off from the cristernae carry the molecule to its location.
Explanation:
Proteins are made by the ribosome machinery of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The proteins made need to be packaged before they are sent outside the cell to their location. If the proteins are not packaged and tagged, then they will be degraded by different enzymes present in the cell. So, the packaging of the proteins is done by the Golgi-complex. After packaging is done and tags are added to the proteins, the proteins move to the outside of the cell in vesicles.
Answer:
increases; protein denaturation occurs
Explanation:
One of the characteristic of enzymes is the sensitivity to temperature .
Enzymes are sensitive to the changes in the environmental temperature.The enzymatic activities increases with increase in temperature,up to the optimum of 37 degrees in most animals.
However,once the optimum temperature has been exceeded,enzyme activities drops.This is because below optimum the rate of collision between the enzyme active sites and substrate molecules is very high,therefore more products are formed which increases the rate of reactions.
At temperature above the optimum,the high temperature breaks the bonds,especially the hydrogen bonds holding the 3D structure of the active sites.Therefore,substrate molecules can not fit into the active site,and therefore enzymatic actives of the enzyme is affected,and the enzyme is said to be denatured
Answer:
A. Photosynthesis
Explanation:
Photosynthesis is a process in plants produce food materials by absorbing carbondioxide from the atmosphere which decreases the concentration of carbondioxide in the atmosphere. In photosynthesis reaction, plant take water from the soil and carbondioxide from the atmosphere in the presence of sunlight produces glucose and oxygen. Glucose is stored in different parts of plant such as grains, stem and roots while oxygen is released in the atmosphere.
